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	<title>Comments for ChrisAuld.com</title>
	<atom:link href="http://chrisauld.com/comments/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://chrisauld.com</link>
	<description>Economics, econometrics, etc.</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:37:21 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>Comment on Interaction terms in nonlinear regression models by Adam Cook</title>
		<link>http://chrisauld.com/2011/10/12/interaction-terms-in-nonlinear-regression-models/#comment-724</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Adam Cook]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:37:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://chrisauld.com/?p=628#comment-724</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Chris, I appreciate this as well but I gotta ask: does there yet exist a cran-R package that will do this for me?  Thanks, Adam]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Chris, I appreciate this as well but I gotta ask: does there yet exist a cran-R package that will do this for me?  Thanks, Adam</p>
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		<title>Comment on Regarding David Suzuki&#8217;s inability to understand &#8220;externality&#8221; by Chris Auld</title>
		<link>http://chrisauld.com/2011/08/22/regarding-david-suzukis-inability-to-understand-externality/#comment-713</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chris Auld]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 May 2013 20:43:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://quantecon.wordpress.com/?p=43#comment-713</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Herb, the word &quot;externality&quot; does not mean &quot;something not included in the balance sheet of corporations.&quot;  &quot;The environment is an externality to the GDP&quot; is non sequitur.  The post to which you&#039;re allegedly responding even plainly notes, &quot;mainstream, neoclassical, economic theory holds that policies which reduce production (and GDP) are desirable when they mitigate externalities.&quot;  

If you want to understand what mainstream economics says about environmental issues, read this article in Nature by Don Fullerton and Robert Stavins,

http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/rstavins/Papers/How%20Economists%20See%20The%20Environment.pdf

or open any Economics 101 textbook.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Herb, the word &#8220;externality&#8221; does not mean &#8220;something not included in the balance sheet of corporations.&#8221;  &#8220;The environment is an externality to the GDP&#8221; is non sequitur.  The post to which you&#8217;re allegedly responding even plainly notes, &#8220;mainstream, neoclassical, economic theory holds that policies which reduce production (and GDP) are desirable when they mitigate externalities.&#8221;  </p>
<p>If you want to understand what mainstream economics says about environmental issues, read this article in Nature by Don Fullerton and Robert Stavins,</p>
<p><a href="http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/rstavins/Papers/How%20Economists%20See%20The%20Environment.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/rstavins/Papers/How%20Economists%20See%20The%20Environment.pdf</a></p>
<p>or open any Economics 101 textbook.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Regarding David Suzuki&#8217;s inability to understand &#8220;externality&#8221; by Herb Wiseman</title>
		<link>http://chrisauld.com/2011/08/22/regarding-david-suzukis-inability-to-understand-externality/#comment-712</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Herb Wiseman]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 May 2013 18:30:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://quantecon.wordpress.com/?p=43#comment-712</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Where is the line item in the accounting that calculates the GDP for air, water, soil and such-like? How are they included as assets other than private ownership? They only show up as liabilities when cleaning up is needed or assets when sold to somebody. That makes them externalities because they are not always accounted for in the balance sheet. Suzuki wants a bigger balance sheet than the GDP that includes air, soil, water, etc. as assets and damage to them as liabilities. That is NOT how we do it now. When the environment needs cleaning up we then get an increase in the GDP but once clean it is lost as an asset. Other disasters and their clean-up also contribute to an increase in the GDP. Economists often sound like the most important economic measurement is the GDP. The environment is an externality to the GDP except as noted above. An externality it seems to me is something not included in the balance sheet of corporations or governments.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Where is the line item in the accounting that calculates the GDP for air, water, soil and such-like? How are they included as assets other than private ownership? They only show up as liabilities when cleaning up is needed or assets when sold to somebody. That makes them externalities because they are not always accounted for in the balance sheet. Suzuki wants a bigger balance sheet than the GDP that includes air, soil, water, etc. as assets and damage to them as liabilities. That is NOT how we do it now. When the environment needs cleaning up we then get an increase in the GDP but once clean it is lost as an asset. Other disasters and their clean-up also contribute to an increase in the GDP. Economists often sound like the most important economic measurement is the GDP. The environment is an externality to the GDP except as noted above. An externality it seems to me is something not included in the balance sheet of corporations or governments.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Steve Keen still butchering basic microeconomics by Chris Auld</title>
		<link>http://chrisauld.com/2012/12/06/steve-keen-still-butchering-basic-microeconomics/#comment-676</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chris Auld]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 17 Mar 2013 18:11:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://chrisauld.com/?p=1242#comment-676</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There seem to be a lot of anonymous commentators insistent on making the same wrong, desperate, purely semantic point, studiously refusing to acknowledge that point has been repeatedly answered.  

Sakir, read my last response, to Kyle.  You&#039;ll note that, even if you ignore everything preceding it above, it addresses your claims directly.

Note: I won&#039;t be approving more hostile posts repeating the same nonsense points.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There seem to be a lot of anonymous commentators insistent on making the same wrong, desperate, purely semantic point, studiously refusing to acknowledge that point has been repeatedly answered.  </p>
<p>Sakir, read my last response, to Kyle.  You&#8217;ll note that, even if you ignore everything preceding it above, it addresses your claims directly.</p>
<p>Note: I won&#8217;t be approving more hostile posts repeating the same nonsense points.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Steve Keen still butchering basic microeconomics by Sakir</title>
		<link>http://chrisauld.com/2012/12/06/steve-keen-still-butchering-basic-microeconomics/#comment-675</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sakir]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 17 Mar 2013 13:12:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://chrisauld.com/?p=1242#comment-675</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[You are criticising Prof Steve Keen on the dynamic modelling issue, but like your mainstream peers, you do not really know about what a dynamic model means, since your understanding of a dynamic model corresponds to those useless macro models, (be it a DSGE model, endogenous growth model, OLG model, banking model, computable general equilibrium model) which are solved for one steady state using some parameters, then subjected to a productivity shock(!) or a monetary shock(!) and either solved for a second steady state, and the transition from one steady state to another is determined (if the model is deterministic and therefore the shock changes a parameter) or impulse response functions to temporary or permanent shocks to distributions or time-series processes are drawn (if the model is stochastic). To mainstream macroeconomists and, as far as I can see, to you, this is a dynamic model.

If you ever speak to a physicist or a mathematician, I recommend you avoid calling such a set up dynamic, as they will probably laugh at you. This is transition from one static equilibrium to another one disguised as dynamic. 

A truly dynamic model does not require exogenous shocks in order to generate psuedo dynamics from one steady state to another, as in mainstream macro models. A truly dynamic model for instance can be a system of differential equations (as in Prof Keen&#039;s papers), which generates data-consistent business cycle behaviour of an economy (troughs and peaks) and generates this business cycle behaviour internally beginning from a data-consistent set of initial points and evolving with respect to that set of differential equations (like weather predictions or systems of differential equations simulated by engineers, which are all very sensitive to initial points), without some unexplained unknown &quot;shock&quot; which makes the economy to move from one steady state to another. Therefore, he is right, there is NO macro model I have come across which are truly dynamic. If you have a quick glance to Prof. Keen&#039;s macro models, you will see that is exactly what his models do. You may like his models or not, but they are truly dynamic. So your mistake lies with the ill-definition of &quot;dynamic&quot; in economic terminology.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You are criticising Prof Steve Keen on the dynamic modelling issue, but like your mainstream peers, you do not really know about what a dynamic model means, since your understanding of a dynamic model corresponds to those useless macro models, (be it a DSGE model, endogenous growth model, OLG model, banking model, computable general equilibrium model) which are solved for one steady state using some parameters, then subjected to a productivity shock(!) or a monetary shock(!) and either solved for a second steady state, and the transition from one steady state to another is determined (if the model is deterministic and therefore the shock changes a parameter) or impulse response functions to temporary or permanent shocks to distributions or time-series processes are drawn (if the model is stochastic). To mainstream macroeconomists and, as far as I can see, to you, this is a dynamic model.</p>
<p>If you ever speak to a physicist or a mathematician, I recommend you avoid calling such a set up dynamic, as they will probably laugh at you. This is transition from one static equilibrium to another one disguised as dynamic. </p>
<p>A truly dynamic model does not require exogenous shocks in order to generate psuedo dynamics from one steady state to another, as in mainstream macro models. A truly dynamic model for instance can be a system of differential equations (as in Prof Keen&#8217;s papers), which generates data-consistent business cycle behaviour of an economy (troughs and peaks) and generates this business cycle behaviour internally beginning from a data-consistent set of initial points and evolving with respect to that set of differential equations (like weather predictions or systems of differential equations simulated by engineers, which are all very sensitive to initial points), without some unexplained unknown &#8220;shock&#8221; which makes the economy to move from one steady state to another. Therefore, he is right, there is NO macro model I have come across which are truly dynamic. If you have a quick glance to Prof. Keen&#8217;s macro models, you will see that is exactly what his models do. You may like his models or not, but they are truly dynamic. So your mistake lies with the ill-definition of &#8220;dynamic&#8221; in economic terminology.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Steve Keen still butchering basic microeconomics by Chris Auld</title>
		<link>http://chrisauld.com/2012/12/06/steve-keen-still-butchering-basic-microeconomics/#comment-673</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chris Auld]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 10 Mar 2013 02:27:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://chrisauld.com/?p=1242#comment-673</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Kyle, when I say that Keen claims economists don&#039;t use dynamic models, I am referring to Keen&#039;s explicit and ridiculous claims that economists don&#039;t use dynamic models.  This has nothing to do with the mistaken claim that DSGE models are not dynamic---again, I am not a macroeconomist and I am not a fan of DSGE models, but DSGE models are in fact dynamic models.  And yet again, after making the ridiculous claim that economists ignore dynamics, Keen went on to give an example of what he considers a dynamic model, which turns out to be a bog-standard intertemporal profit maximization problem of the sort routinely discussed in undergraduate economics classes.  Here is one version of his claim:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
It is feasible to see Sraffa&#039;s critique as simply an attempt to take seriously the limitations which Jevons, Walras, Marshall and Clarke all acknowledged were endemic in using static methods to analyse what are clearly dynamic problems. Their defence for the use of static tools was the inherent difficulty of dynamic analysis, and the absence of suitable tools. No such defence is available to modern economics, since dynamics is now a far more developed field of analysis (in sciences other than economics), and so many tools exist to analyse dynamic systems dynamically. We can begin this process of recasting economics as a dynamic science by taking Sraffa&#039;s critique to heart and drop altogether the neoclassical treatment of time. Our first step here should be to take time seriously by treating revenue and costs as functions of not just quantity, but also time. 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Notice that is not a claim that DSGE models are not &quot;really&quot; dynamic, or something similar.  It&#039;s a sweeping claim that economists ignore dynamic modeling.  In fact, explicitly dynamic methods to study dynamic problems have been very common in economics since the development of suitable analytic methods in the 1950s and 1960s, and much of modern economic theory and empirics is built on such dynamic models.  The strained, semantic defence that Keen has something different in mind by the use of the word &quot;dynamic&quot; doesn&#039;t fly, because the example he proceeds to give of a &quot;dynamic&quot; model is in fact a standard neoclassical model.    

If Keen limited his attention to claims that Econ 101 is not taught the way he would like, I would probably have never written a word about his criticism.  He claims to be destroying the foundations of modern mainstream research.  I am not distorting what he claims.  He is, on the other hand, horribly misrepresenting methods and conclusions in modern economic thought.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Kyle, when I say that Keen claims economists don&#8217;t use dynamic models, I am referring to Keen&#8217;s explicit and ridiculous claims that economists don&#8217;t use dynamic models.  This has nothing to do with the mistaken claim that DSGE models are not dynamic&#8212;again, I am not a macroeconomist and I am not a fan of DSGE models, but DSGE models are in fact dynamic models.  And yet again, after making the ridiculous claim that economists ignore dynamics, Keen went on to give an example of what he considers a dynamic model, which turns out to be a bog-standard intertemporal profit maximization problem of the sort routinely discussed in undergraduate economics classes.  Here is one version of his claim:</p>
<blockquote><p>
It is feasible to see Sraffa&#8217;s critique as simply an attempt to take seriously the limitations which Jevons, Walras, Marshall and Clarke all acknowledged were endemic in using static methods to analyse what are clearly dynamic problems. Their defence for the use of static tools was the inherent difficulty of dynamic analysis, and the absence of suitable tools. No such defence is available to modern economics, since dynamics is now a far more developed field of analysis (in sciences other than economics), and so many tools exist to analyse dynamic systems dynamically. We can begin this process of recasting economics as a dynamic science by taking Sraffa&#8217;s critique to heart and drop altogether the neoclassical treatment of time. Our first step here should be to take time seriously by treating revenue and costs as functions of not just quantity, but also time.
</p></blockquote>
<p>Notice that is not a claim that DSGE models are not &#8220;really&#8221; dynamic, or something similar.  It&#8217;s a sweeping claim that economists ignore dynamic modeling.  In fact, explicitly dynamic methods to study dynamic problems have been very common in economics since the development of suitable analytic methods in the 1950s and 1960s, and much of modern economic theory and empirics is built on such dynamic models.  The strained, semantic defence that Keen has something different in mind by the use of the word &#8220;dynamic&#8221; doesn&#8217;t fly, because the example he proceeds to give of a &#8220;dynamic&#8221; model is in fact a standard neoclassical model.    </p>
<p>If Keen limited his attention to claims that Econ 101 is not taught the way he would like, I would probably have never written a word about his criticism.  He claims to be destroying the foundations of modern mainstream research.  I am not distorting what he claims.  He is, on the other hand, horribly misrepresenting methods and conclusions in modern economic thought.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Steve Keen still butchering basic microeconomics by Kyle</title>
		<link>http://chrisauld.com/2012/12/06/steve-keen-still-butchering-basic-microeconomics/#comment-672</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kyle]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 10 Mar 2013 00:57:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://chrisauld.com/?p=1242#comment-672</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Chris, it sounds like you&#039;re distorting what Keen has said. He&#039;s been quite explicit that he regards DGSE modeling as nothing more than competitive statics. Using his &quot;debunking the theory of the firm&quot; paper to invalidate his criticisms of modeling using comparative statics makes it seem like you&#039;ve got something ideological against him. And, for the record, quite a few of Keen&#039;s criticisms are aimed at the way things are taught at the classroom level.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Chris, it sounds like you&#8217;re distorting what Keen has said. He&#8217;s been quite explicit that he regards DGSE modeling as nothing more than competitive statics. Using his &#8220;debunking the theory of the firm&#8221; paper to invalidate his criticisms of modeling using comparative statics makes it seem like you&#8217;ve got something ideological against him. And, for the record, quite a few of Keen&#8217;s criticisms are aimed at the way things are taught at the classroom level.</p>
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		<title>Comment on The intuition of robust standard errors by Kristina</title>
		<link>http://chrisauld.com/2012/10/31/the-intuition-of-robust-standard-errors/#comment-641</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kristina]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 16 Feb 2013 10:12:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://chrisauld.com/?p=1157#comment-641</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Thank you so much!!
It helped a lot with my assignment!]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thank you so much!!<br />
It helped a lot with my assignment!</p>
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		<title>Comment on Steve Keen still butchering basic microeconomics by Chris Auld</title>
		<link>http://chrisauld.com/2012/12/06/steve-keen-still-butchering-basic-microeconomics/#comment-640</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chris Auld]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Feb 2013 23:48:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://chrisauld.com/?p=1242#comment-640</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Mathieu, you ignored my point: when Steve Keen claimed that economists do not use dynamics, he then specifically used an example of a standard intertemporal optimization problem of the sort commonly taught to undergraduate economic students to illustrate the sort of dynamic model he asserted economists ought to be using.  It is not tenable to claim he had some other meaning of &quot;dynamic&quot; in mind, he was quite explicit.  It is a matter of ignorance, and it is usually a matter of ignorance when non-economists make that claim.   Many critics talk as if all of economic thought is contained in the intro chapters of 101 textbooks, which typically do not feature dynamic models.

If &quot;dynamic&quot; implied &quot;endogenous disequilibrium&quot; we wouldn&#039;t need that phrase, and there are many canonical models across the sciences called &quot;dynamic&quot; which are not of sort to which you refer.   Paul Krugman did not say or imply otherwise: &quot;going for a dynamic story with no end state&quot; does not imply that &quot;stories with end states&quot; are, therefore, static.  Many of Krugman&#039;s most famous papers study dynamic, equilibrium (and usually deterministic) models, explicitly described as &quot;dynamic&quot; models.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mathieu, you ignored my point: when Steve Keen claimed that economists do not use dynamics, he then specifically used an example of a standard intertemporal optimization problem of the sort commonly taught to undergraduate economic students to illustrate the sort of dynamic model he asserted economists ought to be using.  It is not tenable to claim he had some other meaning of &#8220;dynamic&#8221; in mind, he was quite explicit.  It is a matter of ignorance, and it is usually a matter of ignorance when non-economists make that claim.   Many critics talk as if all of economic thought is contained in the intro chapters of 101 textbooks, which typically do not feature dynamic models.</p>
<p>If &#8220;dynamic&#8221; implied &#8220;endogenous disequilibrium&#8221; we wouldn&#8217;t need that phrase, and there are many canonical models across the sciences called &#8220;dynamic&#8221; which are not of sort to which you refer.   Paul Krugman did not say or imply otherwise: &#8220;going for a dynamic story with no end state&#8221; does not imply that &#8220;stories with end states&#8221; are, therefore, static.  Many of Krugman&#8217;s most famous papers study dynamic, equilibrium (and usually deterministic) models, explicitly described as &#8220;dynamic&#8221; models.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Steve Keen still butchering basic microeconomics by Mathieu Dufresne</title>
		<link>http://chrisauld.com/2012/12/06/steve-keen-still-butchering-basic-microeconomics/#comment-639</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mathieu Dufresne]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Feb 2013 22:59:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://chrisauld.com/?p=1242#comment-639</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[For people used to system dynamics, dynamics means more than simply something that changes over time, it rhymes with non-linearities and endogenous disequilibrium. You may complain about words that mean different things for different people with different backgrounds but when you see people saying that economist don’t use dynamic models, it’s not a matter of ignorance, they simply look at a DSGE model and don’t see any dynamics in there, given their own vision of dynamics. I think Krugman understand this, as he says that dynamics is hard so we look at an equilibrium instead. 

The model Keen present in his paper is meant to criticize the marshallian model of perfect competition and is uninteresting. The interesting part of Keen’s work is his macro modeling, which exhibit chaotic dynamics and altought still at an embryonic stage, is a good starting point to build genuine dynamic models. If you want to see what he thinks economist should do, that’s what it would be.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For people used to system dynamics, dynamics means more than simply something that changes over time, it rhymes with non-linearities and endogenous disequilibrium. You may complain about words that mean different things for different people with different backgrounds but when you see people saying that economist don’t use dynamic models, it’s not a matter of ignorance, they simply look at a DSGE model and don’t see any dynamics in there, given their own vision of dynamics. I think Krugman understand this, as he says that dynamics is hard so we look at an equilibrium instead. </p>
<p>The model Keen present in his paper is meant to criticize the marshallian model of perfect competition and is uninteresting. The interesting part of Keen’s work is his macro modeling, which exhibit chaotic dynamics and altought still at an embryonic stage, is a good starting point to build genuine dynamic models. If you want to see what he thinks economist should do, that’s what it would be.</p>
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